PD-1 blockade plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor remodels the tumor microenvironment in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

The authors identified a VEGFA + CEACAM1 + neutrophil subset exhibiting immunosuppressive properties that is associated with poor clinical response. In vivo, pharmacologic inhibition of SAA enhanced sensitivity to ICI plus TKI combination therapy, while blockade of the CEACAM1-TIM-3 axis in humanized PD-1 mouse models significantly potentiated anti-PD-1 efficacy.

For single-cell suspensions, researchers obtained cell-count and viability measurements with Countstar (model not specified) before single-cell analysis for the cancer-model experiments.