Nanoparticle-Loaded Injectable Hydrogel Alleviates Titanium Particle-Induced Osteolysis by Disrupting GATA6/DDX3X-Mediated Macrophage Inflammation.

The findings demonstrated that DDX3X expression was significantly up-regulated in both TiP-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages and periprosthetic tissues obtained from AL patients. The synthesized si-DDX3X NPs@Hy exhibited favorable physicochemical properties; local administration of this hydrogel markedly attenuated TiP-induced calvarial osteolysis in mice, accompanied by reduced osteoclastogenesis, proinflammatory cytokine production, and M1 macrophage polarization in the lesion microenvironment.

Cell numbers were quantified in the study's cell samples with Countstar (model not specified) during culture monitoring for the immune-cell research.