Mass Production of Rg1-Loaded Small Extracellular Vesicles Using a 3D Bioreactor System for Enhanced Cardioprotective Efficacy of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Using the 3D bioreactor system with spinner flasks, the expansion of MSCs reached ~600 million, and the production of sEVs was up to 2.2 × 10 12 particles in five days with significantly reduced bench work compared to traditional 2D flasks.

Countstar (model not specified) provided cell-count and viability measurements for the study's cell samples during sample-quality assessment.