Baicalin targets YTHDC2 and alleviates male reproductive toxicity caused by co-exposure to nanoplastics and manganese through m 6 A-dependent pathway.

This study establishes in vivo and in vitro models to assess the effects of single and co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 0.1 μm) and manganese (Mn) on male reproductive function. The findings reveal that co-exposure leads to a synergistic toxic effect, aggravating testicular damage, sperm abnormalities, and hormone disruption.

The study measured cell density in the study's cell samples using a Countstar instrument during quality assessment for the reported research.